Health Services - Cardiovascular Disease
What Is Cardiovascular Disease?
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in both men and women in Australia—and globally.
The tragedy is that in most cases, it is almost entirely preventable.
Understanding Plaque (Atherosclerosis)
The key factor in cardiovascular disease is plaque, medically known as atherosclerosis.
Plaque builds up in arteries around the body, and its accumulation is accelerated by risk factors—many of which are related to lifestyle choices.
This means you can reduce your risk of heart attacks and strokes by making positive changes in your everyday habits.
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease
⚠️ Not everyone experiences the same symptoms. If in doubt, err on the side of caution and call 000.
Heart Attack Signs
- Pain or tightness in the chest
- Pain may radiate to your arm or jaw
- Difficulty breathing
- Sweating
Early Warning Signs – Angina
-
Chest pain or shortness of breath during exertion
(e.g., exercise, climbing stairs) - Symptoms that ease after resting
- Often repeat with exertion
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
While some risk factors—like age and family history—cannot be changed, there are several lifestyle-related risks you can control:
Smoking
Quit if you do smoke—or better yet, don’t start smoking or vaping.
Exercise
Aim for 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per day (enough to get a bit sweaty and out of breath).
Waist Measurement
Keep an eye on your waistline—this is a key marker for cardiovascular risk.
Other Health Conditions
Trouble speaking or understanding
Fibre-Rich Diet
Eat a diet high in fibre and low in processed foods to lower your risk.
Cholesterol Levels
Talk to your doctor about checking your cholesterol. If it’s high, take action through diet, exercise, and medication if necessary.
Blood Pressure Checks
Regular monitoring with your GP, paired with exercise, stress management (like meditation), a low-salt diet, and medication when required, all help reduce your risk.
Stroke Signs – Think FAST
Know the signs and act quickly. Learn more here.
Face
Sudden drooping on one side
Arm
Sudden weakness (usually one side)
Speech
Trouble speaking or understanding
Time
Call emergency services immediately
How Is Cardiovascular Disease Treated?
Treatment options may include:
Medications
to lower LDL cholesterol, improve blood flow, or regulate heart rhythm
Surgery
such as coronary artery bypass grafting or valve repair/replacement
Cardiac rehabilitation
including supervised exercise, lifestyle counselling, and support
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease
Prevention is possible and highly effective. You can reduce your risk by:
- Exercising regularly
- Eating a healthy, balanced diet
- Avoiding tobacco smoking
- Maintaining healthy blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose levels